Why Does Plato Argue That Rulers Must Be Philosophers?

Within this essay I In decennaryd to examine Plates efforting and justification for his belief in philosopher chemical formulars and disbelief whether they be, in fact, the best community to govern auberge. The current democratic method of organization of the polis was non suitable for Plato as he considered ruling far too vital a role in society to be left to the untrained. Instead, it should be left to those who deplete the acquaintance and more cruci in every(prenominal)y, the wisdom needed to comprehend such a task.It Is, however, at this point, we should consider that a significant factor In Plats competition to democracy was that the Athenian democracy had condemned Socrates o death. It is important to remember that the liberal democracy which we currently bonk is very recent and not at wholly the concept of democracy that Plato speaks. In fact, the idea of all adults over the age of 18 being able to vote would indeed be absurd to soulfulness such as Plato.The d emocracy, of which he speaks, would be of greater equivalence to a modern day referendum, In which all those eligible to vote gather to debate and eventually vote. Plato thus set turn up to stratagem a revolutionary structural form for the polls, in simple, an Ideal society. This constituted three general social lasses and indirectly three separate polios within the whole Solipsism. At the lowest end of this, was the producers, although Plato pays little trouble to this class, it compromises people who were engaged in economic activities, such as, farmers and manufacturers.Although of no political importance, they served the crucial function of providing the economic and material requirements of the community. Primarily, Plato places them as obedient workers under the control of the ax aguisharies. This constitutes the first polls, one In which money lovers, and b bely money lovers are made as golden as possible (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984), and thus becomes a luxurious polis ( Plato The res publica IPPP e). The second level on Plates ideal society was that of the auxiliaries.It was the auxiliaries who, in current convictions, would everlasting(a) the actions of the military civil service and public offices I. E. Police. Consequently, it was their occupation to enact the decisions made by the ruling class. It would be from the elite of the auxiliaries that a philosopher guardian would emerge, as they had worked their look through the education and training. Therefore, this emerges as the second polis in which unnecessary appetites (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) are removed this is the part of the Solipsism in which honor-lovers are made as happy as possible. (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) However, it must be pointed out that the auxiliaries also shared this second polis with the guardians who were not chosen as pensioner Kilns. Hymnal, It was ten Guardians won were let at ten top AT ten society, as the rulers. This was the elite group above the rest of society , only those who completed all the statutes laid out during their training would be able to become a recognized philosopher guardian at the age of 50. These would be the people who had a true agreement of the forms and ultimately, of what is grave ND moreover.With this Plato has set out his dodos for the ideal society and his belief that those or so suited to govern this society were his Philosopher Kings who were chosen from this Guardian class. It is at this point, that I recall we must further engage with what in fact it means to be a philosopher, and how you reach such a position. Plato sets an initial screening process, the one who is willing to taste every kind if learning with gusto, and who turns to learning with enthusiasm, and cannot get enough of it, he is the one we shall rightly call a philosopher. (Plato The Republic 474 c) Those who have reached that destruction are philosopher kings at last. The polis over which they rule, and which contains the elaborate educ ational apparatus necessary to reliably produce them, is the 3rd polis. (Reeve C. D. C. P 195, 1984). During Plats explanation of his philosopher-king, he aims three analogies, the sun, the line and finally the cave, in order to depict the reason for the philosophers irreplaceable role in politics.The central element in each of these is the concept of the forms. In my opinion, Plato most aptly explains the transition to a philosopher with his fiction of the cave. Plato classes this as the en sportyenment or ignorance of our human condition (Plato The Republic IPPP a). The allegory of the cave is to illustrate that the philosopher is the one who sees things as they really are. The philosopher is able to see the truth, whereas, the masses see, merely, shadows.The concentrated process of education which draws the philosopher from the recite of ignorance and belief to the enlightened state of knowledge and wisdom is comparable with the concentrated Journey from a dark cave up a l ong path to the open light of the sun. Whilst explaining the Journey of the philosophers education he also attempts to show why it is that the masses reject the philosopher once their knowledge has been gained. Primarily, Plato says that the philosopher is misunderstood by the ignorant masses and that the knowledge which they attempt to impart threatens the beliefs of their UN-enlightened minds.It is clear upon examination of Plats society, that it is beyond a doubt a totalitarian regime however, this point must be critically examined as it is clear that there are distinct and separate ways to critique this point. Naturally, there are those who would say that the restriction of granting immunity from a dictatorial power is inherently wrong. Conversely, though it must be considered that restriction of freedom for the near of people is no bad thing. In theory a system which imposes The penny-pinching on all people, would be one which benefits all and enhances the chance of maximum human development and freedom from evil. Until philosophers rule as kings, or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophies, that is, until political power, authority and school of thought entirely coincide, while the m any(prenominal) natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will eve no rest from evils, Nor, I think, will the human race. (Simon Blackburn IPPP c- D 2006) simply the counter argument to that and the very basis of Plats critics, is that whether human nature being as it is, would ever get it in reality?Especially when compared Walt previous totalitarian regimes, experience Allocates Tanat teen have rarely brought good to the majority, and predominantly have indeed brought the opposite. In reality, it could be argued that there has been a historical dominance of state dictatorships in comparison with the relatively recent liberal democracies. Citizens who are raised withi n the liberal occidental tradition are taught to be convinced of the faultlessness of democracy and thus find it challenging to comprehend that any other system could be better, or even to see the weaknesses in democracy.Due to the inability to acknowledge the failings of democracy, Plato creates two illustrations to depict them these are the similes of the beast and the ship. Plato utterly rejects two common modes of thought in democratic societies, Just because everyone believes it to be true and good does not make it so, and that Just cause someone is a persuade speaker and persuades the masses to his view it does not mean he is speaking the truth or that his ideas are good. The foundation of these illustrations is that the Philosophers simply know The Good.Plats debate is clearly rejecting some of the foundational ideas within Democracy. Within the simile of the beast, the large and powerful animal in this story is the general population who make up the democracy. In this ta le, Plato is depicting a clear division between, what the majority like and think is good, what pleases them, and unbeknown to them, what actually is The Good. The Good (I. E. The dodos or form of the good) is good whether people think it is good or not. The Good is the shape standard against which the pleasures and desires of the masses must be Judged to determine whether they are good or bad.Plato is saying that the Sophists of his time were merely concerned with remaining in power and thus would bow to the appeasement of the masses that were ill educated. Fiscal and devoid of the knowledge of what is truly important in life and were subsequently unfit to rule the polis. They were no more than manipulators and responders to popular opinion without any standard tit which to work. The Sophists were relativists. For them good meant no more than what the people want, what will keep them happy, and what society thinks are good.This approach to politics is recognizable within the conte mporary use of opinion polls and pressure groups. All those individuals who make their living by teaching, and whom the public call Sophists and new for their skill, in fact teach nothing but the conventional views held and expressed by the mass of the people, when they impinge on and this they call a science (Plato The Republic IPPP a-b) This forever, does not entirely show why Plato is convinced that it is philosophers who should rule.Socrates proposes the arbitrariness that the study of philosophy results in the unearthing of objective truths about what is good, from this grounding this knowledge can be apply as an uniquecoal platform for policy-making. Plato believes that in contrast with his idea of the world of matter, the world of wiz , which he classes as a mere world of shadows, is in fact world of final, immutable, changeless, objects of contemplation, at the upper side of which stands the ultimate object of a facial kind of knowledge independent of sense experience.T his is ultimately a real and ultimately fitting object of love and desire, a constantly radiant sodding(a) fountain of light, the form of good itself. (Blackburn S. Pop, 2006). Subsequently, it has the natural progression that the people most suited to rule, are the people who have the wisdom of this higher realm, so Justifiably this would be the philosophers. If pensioners nave ten capacity to grasp ten eternal Ana Immutable, Wendell tense won have no such capacity are not philosophers and are helpless in multiplicity and change, which of the two should be in charge of a state? (Plato The Republic p 484 b). At no point, has it ever been empirically verified that those who have studied philosophy will all agree on that which is good and right. Even those who do agree that there are moral facts do not agree on exactly what they are nor do they agree on what is the best way to act in the light of those facts. Even if we do agree with Plato and accept that a true understanding of goodness and Justice is both possible and agreement can be reached between philosophers, it still leaves the question whether this is all that a politician needs.